When was leaning tower of pisa built

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Proposals to save the Leaning Tower arrived in Pisa from all over the world, but it was not until that successful restorative work began. However, when the tower was just over three stories tall, construction stopped for an unknown reason.

It may have been because of economic or political strife, or the engineers may have noticed that even then, the tower had begun to sink down into the ground on one side. The ground is made up in large part of water and silty sand, and one side of the heavy marble building began gradually sinking into the ground as soon as the foundation was laid. In , workers reached the top of the seventh story, and construction was halted again.

By that time, the southward tilt was nearly three feet. In , work began on the bell chamber, the eighth and final story, and workers attempted to compensate for the lean by building the chamber at a slight slant with the rest of the tower. The tower was officially completed about Despite its growing lean, the building was acclaimed as an architectural wonder, and people came from far and wide to admire its columns and six external arcades.

The lean grew a little every year, but this only increased interest in the tower. A measuring from showed the top was 12 feet south of the base. In , an architect was given permission to excavate the base of the tower, a portion of which had sunk into the ground.

As he dug, water came spouting out of the ground, and the tower tilted another few inches south. In , Benito Mussolini , the dictator of Italy, decided that the Leaning Tower was an inappropriate symbol for masculine Fascist Italy. In an attempt to reverse the tilt, engineers drilled holes into the foundation of the tower, and some tons of concrete was poured in.

The tower abruptly lurched another few inches south. In the s, the heavy medieval bells in the tower were locked tight. In , the Italian government publicly asked for suggestions on how to save the tower from what they believed was a forthcoming collapse. Two years later, a restorative attempt involving drilling was aborted when the tower tilted another fraction south. In , another boring attempt likewise caused an increase in the lean.

In , in an effort to temporarily stabilize the building, plastic-coated steel tendons were built around the tower up to the second story.

The base at the time was mostly buried underground and much of the intricate artwork was not visible. He gave the order to dig the base out of the ground and, as result of the digging, the Tower increased its inclination. The works stopped right after the base was entirely cleaned up and set up as we know it today.

The second to join the "refurbishment party" was the Italian Dictator Benito Mussolini , in year In his opinion, the Tower was an embarrassment for Italy and its unfortunate inclination had to be corrected to restore the intended vertical position which is not even possible given the banana shape of the Tower.

He then ordered to straighten up the Leaning Tower of Pisa. The result was an overwhelming increase in the inclination of the monument.

Mussolini gave up trying to be an architect and brought Italy to war a few years later. Italians learned from these experiences and they increased the bureaucratic complexity of managing monuments and probably the whole Country. Today it takes more than one single person to order any work on the Tower.

In fact, the works started in were managed by a commission of 13 persons. The commission was hired by the Opera and subject to the approval of the Italian Government and of the Church. The rescue commission was led by the British Prof. John Burland. Michele Jamiolkowski and Prof. Salvatore Settis, president of the commission, declared " if we had not stepped in, the Tower would have collapsed between and ". The Tower still stands and we can appreciate its beauty.

No matter who the Architect was. In the end, it does not really matter who the initial Architect was. What matters is that many great people gave their genius and time for this incredible building and, thanks to them, the Tower still stands and we can appreciate its beauty.