When was the mammogram first used

In the present editorial, we report the international contribution, the beginnings of the mammographic study, and a fascinating evolution of diagnostic medicine. In , Albert Salomon, a German surgeon, published his monograph about the utility of radiological studies of mastectomy specimens, demonstrating the possibility of correlating radiological, macro and microscopic anatomy of breast diseases with differentiation between benign and malignant entities Major works followed that of A.

The intriguing study developed by the renowned pathologist Helen Ingleby, in , included the assessment of the breast and its variations according to the patients' age and menstrual status, besides a radiological, microand macroscopic correlation with a technique of cross-sectional histological sections of the breast 13 , In , Raul Leborgne revitalized the interest in mammography calling the attention over the need for technical qualification for patients positioning and over radiological parameters to be adopted.

He was a pioneer in the enhancement of imaging quality, besides putting special emphasis on the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant calcifications Special films developed by Kodak, and the high miliamperage with low kilovoltage technique standardized by Robert Egan have led to a new level of technical qualification. In , this author reports the first 53 cases of occult breast cancer detected at 2, mammograms. At that same time, John Martin and colleagues demonstrated that excellent mammographic studies could be performed and standardized in private clinics.

Concomitantly, the American College of Radiology ACR established committees and centers for training at countrywide level. The so called Age of Technical Progress has Gould, Wolfe, Gross and their collaborators amongst its major contributors.

The development of xeromammography was the result from collaboration between industry and medicine. In , Howard and Gould described imaging improvements obtained with the xeromammography technique and, in , in the 5th Conference on Mammography at Emory University Atlanta , John Wolfe presented his vast experience in the use of xeromammography.

The interest was so high that ACR asked Xerox to institute an advanced research program with the method, including new clinical essays, with the contribution from Wolfe, Martin and Gloria Frankl. It is important to highlight that at that time Wolfe already classified the subtle signs of breast cancer and their relationship with the breast parenchyma density In , Charles Gross, from Strasbourg, France, developed the first unit dedicated to mammography.

Ingeniously, such an apparatus presented a molybdenum x-ray tube with a 0. Gross has worked with great dedication, constantly calling the attention to the great potential of mammography to detect occult cancers In , Price and Butler, utilizing high definition intensifying screens and mammography films, obtain great success in the reduction of radiation levels.

In this respect, the companies Kodak and Dupont are responsible for a great technical contribution. In , Myron Moskowitz and collaborators presented preliminary results about mammographic screening and call the attention of the medical community to the capacity of mammography to diagnose minimally invasive cancer. Women should be informed about the risks and symptoms of endometrial cancer, and strongly encouraged to report any unexpected bleeding or spotting to their doctor.

They should also be informed about the potential benefits, risks, and limitations of early endometrial cancer detection. Should be offered yearly. Women should also be informed about the risks and symptoms of endometrial cancer, and about the potential benefits, risks, and limitations of early endometrial cancer detection.

Supported use of chest x-ray for those in whom lung cancer is most often found heavy smokers, asbestos workers, etc. If patients decide to go forward with screening, they should have low-dose CT of the chest yearly through age 74 as long as they remain in good health. The most recent version of the ACS lung cancer screening guideline [from ] is being taken down while we review new scientific evidence to be included in the next update. While this important update is being completed, the ACS advises that clinicians, and individuals at risk for lung cancer, follow the recently updated recommendations for annual lung cancer screening from the U.

Health care professionals should discuss the potential benefits and limitations of prostate cancer early detection testing and offer the prostate-specific antigen PSA blood test and digital rectal exam DRE. If, after this discussion, a man asks his health care professional to make the decision for him, he should be tested unless there is a specific reason not to test.

Discussion and offer of testing should be done yearly for men with at least a year life expectancy. Men should have a chance to make an informed decision with their health care provider about whether to be screened for prostate cancer. The decision should be made after getting information about the uncertainties, risks, and potential benefits of prostate cancer screening. Men should not be screened unless they have received this information.

After the discussion about screening, those men who want to be screened should be tested with the prostate specific antigen PSA blood test. The digital rectal exam DRE may also be done as a part of screening. Discussion at age 50 for men with at least a year life expectancy and then periodically.

If PSA is 2. Anderson Hospital, he demonstrated his radiology techniques, and collaborated with the American College of Radiology to establish mammography training facilities throughout the U. By the s, the practice had become mainstream — with physicians everywhere screening healthy patients for the possibility of cancer cells.

As with any innovation, there can be setbacks before there is continued progress. Critics of this procedure feared that the radiation from mammography X-rays could lead to harmful levels of exposure. The underexposed images that X-ray tubes produced were also of lower contrast, and therefore, not as effective in distinguishing between harmful and healthy tissue. While both film and digital modes of mammography can identify cancer, only digital photos allow your physician the freedom to manipulate the images.

The ability to lighten, darken, and amplify the contrast of images make this method far superior for use on pre- or peri-menopausal women, women younger than 50, and those who generally have denser breast tissue. According to the National Institutes of Health, the main shortcoming of mammography is attempting to locate cancer cells in women with dense, rather than fatty, breast tissue. Unfortunately, non-calcified cancers can camouflage themselves in a cloak of dense tissue — sometimes going undetected by traditional methods of X-ray.

Today, digital mammography offers an efficient, low-dose X-ray method of observing the breast. While regular, breast self-examinations are a critical step toward a cancer-free future, digital mammography goes one step farther — offering a clear window through which one can detect small, or deeply-hidden tumors.

Their unique office also utilizes cutting-edge 3D technology for digital mammography. Known as digital breast tomosynthesis, this technique involves capturing several low-dose images or slices from a bevy of angles.