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Europe's southern boundary is the. How was Charles de Gaulle instrumental in defeating the Germans in France. Britain does not guarantee its citizens religious freedom. Tensions between indigenous people and the Canadian government and businesses have sometimes resulted in. Ireland 21 cards. Chile is the world's leading producer of. The earthquakes in Italy damaged the famous what. In July Britain ended its control of the dependent territory of. Middle Ages 22 cards.

Ireland how-to-get-to Ireland directions Ireland where-is The landlord was Thomas B. Martin, Esq. Thomas B. This family were a junior branch of the Martins of Ross and under the Acts of Settlement were granted vast estates in counties Galway, Mayo, Roscommon, Clare and Sligo.

By a patent dated they were confirmed in the possession of their Connemara estate known as the Manor of Claremount by King William. He was a famous duelist and founded the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. Ballynahinch Castle was built in the center of his estate. The Martin estates were offered for sale in two sections in Their Connemara estate was acquired by the Law Life Assurance Society in , to whom it was heavily mortgaged.

In the estate of almost , acres was surveyed by Thomas Colville Scott for a prospective buyer. He was also recorded as the occupier of Clareville, a Martin home in the village of Oughterard. Many of his descendants still reside in Canada. The Down Survey is a mapped survey.

The resulting maps, made at a scale of 40 perches to one inch the modern equivalent of 1: 50, , were the first systematic mapping of a large area on such a scale attempted anywhere. The primary purpose of these maps was to record the boundaries of each townland and to calculate their areas with great precision. The maps are also rich in other detail showing churches, roads, rivers, castles, houses and fortifications.

Most towns are represented pictorially and the cartouches, the decorative titles, of each map in many cases reflect a specific characteristic of each barony.

The down survey website will tell you who owned this townland in pre Cromwell and in post Cromwell. Down Survey Website. Tithes were a tax on agricultural produce which was payable by the occupiers of agricultural land. They were the main source of income for the parish clergy of the Church of Ireland the largest Protestant church and the church established by law.

The parishes used in the Tithe Applotment Books are civil or Church of Ireland parishes, which often differ in name and territory from Catholic parishes, Acts of Parliament of and provided for the conversion of tithes into a fixed charge on land, and specified the average price of wheat or oats in the parish in the seven years before as the basis on which the tithes would be calculated.

They also extended the application of tithes to pasture, where previously they had been levied only on tillage. This change in the law resulted in the valuation of individual holdings in almost all parishes containing agricultural land, in order to assess the portion of the tithes for which each occupier of land would be liable.

The information was collected and the amounts were calculated by two Parochial Commissioners, one of whom was appointed by the cess-payers of the parish and the other by the relevant Diocese of the Church of Ireland.

This procedure was carried out in over 2, parishes between the years and The Tithe Applotment Books are in a variety of formats, from a few pages sewn together to elaborately bound volumes.

In most cases they are written in manuscript throughout, although some consist of manuscript entries on printed questionnaires. The information in the books is broadly uniform and generally includes at least the name of occupier; the size of holding, the valuation and the tithe payable. In some cases, more detailed information is provided. Some volumes have maps and most have certificates and correspondence attached.

The sub-divisions of the parish were recorded. Some of these subdivisions, such as plough lands, ceased to be in official use after the six-inch survey of the Ordnance Survey was completed in the s. Only productive land was subject to tithe, and the books usually distinguish between this tithable land and untithable land such as roads or mountains. Tithable land was in some cases classified by quality, and a money value was given to each class. In some cases, the proportion of tithe payable to the rector, vicar or lay proprietor of the tithes was set out.

The column for observations was sometimes completed, with information about commonage, for example. There are a number of other points that should be noted. Only occupiers of land at the time of the tithe composition are recorded, so not all heads of households living in a parish at the time are included.

Only rural areas are systematically covered, although inhabitants of towns who held plots of cultivable land are included.

The Tithe Applotment Books are an important source of information for a wide variety of researchers of pre-Famine Ireland.

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